BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF MYCOBACTERIOPHAGE Y 13

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In 1959 the thirteen strains of mycobacteriophage were isolated by the present authors from, the soil in Tokyo, and the biological properties of them were reported (Murohashi, T., et al.: Acta Tuberc. Pneu. Scand., XLI, 33, 1961). Recently two kinds of bacteriophage have been isolated from one of those 13 strains, Y 13, and named as Y 13 L and Y 13 S. The Y 13 L produces a large plaque, 3 to 4 millimeter of diameter on the host bacteria, Myc. sp. Jucho, and the Y 13 S a smaller one, 0.7 to 1.5 millimeter of diameter. The particle sizes, revealed by electron micrographs of them were as follows: The head of Y 13 L is spherical with the diameter of approximately 80 mμ and the tail is about 140 mμ long, while the head of Y 13 S is cylindrical with the size of approximately 110×60 mμ, and the tail length is about 220 mμ. The phage patterns of 117 strains of rapidly growing saprophytic mycobacteria to the above mentioned two phages were grouped into 3: the first group is susceptible to the both phages and 9 out of 117 belong to this group, the second is susceptible only to Y 13 S and 9 strains belongto it, and the third has no susceptibility to the both phages. Both phages have no activity against slowly growing mycobacteria. However, a mutant isolated from Y 13 L phage was able: to lyse human type and bovine type tubercle bacilli, and was named Y 13 A. This mutant, Y 13 A could also produce some growth-inhibiting area on the bacterial lawn of avian type and of some strains of unclassified mycobacteria, but it was concluded that this was not a real lysis. but just a growth-inhibition. A strain of Myc. sp. Jucho resistant to Y 13 L was susceptible to Y 13 S, and vice versa. Y 13 S phage was neutralized by anti-Y 13 L serum, but Y 13 L phage was not neutralized by anti-Y 13 S serum. The one-sided immunological reaction described above might be explained by assuming that Y 13 L might have antigen (s) other than that common to Y 13 S. It was noticed that Y 13 L phage was closely related to D 4 (Froman) and A 6 (Takeya) in almost all of the biological properties, while Y 13 S resembled to Phagus choremis (Hauduroy) both in the antigenic properties and the particle morphology, and partially related to Y 7 in the antigenic property. Availability of Y 13 L and S phages to the phage typing for mycobacteria was discussed; In similar way as in D 4, Y 13 L can be a key phage in the identification of Myc. smegmatis, and Y 13 S can also be useful to identify some group of saprophytic mycobacteria.
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BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF MYCOBACTERIOPHAGE Y 13

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