カザグルマ(キンポウゲ科)における花色とフラボノイド変異

概要

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Anthocyanins and other flavonoids in Clematis patens were surveyed in relation to their flower colors. Flower colors in the species were divided into three colors, white, pink and purple. Of their flower colors, the absorption maxima of the pink and purple were similar to each other, suggesting that the colors are due to intra-molecular copigment. Their anthocyanins were characterized as delphinidin and cyanidin glycosides in both flower colors. However, delphinidin is a major pigment in the purple flowers, together with minor cyanidin. On the other hand, small amounts of delphinidin and cyanidin were detected from the pink flowers. Thus, it was shown that their color differences are due to quantitative ones of anthocyanidins, especially delphinidin. Eight flavonols were detected from the pink flowers and characterized as kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (F4), kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (F5), kaempferol 3-O-(caffeoylglucoside) (F1), quercetin 3-O-glycoside (F8), kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside (F2), kaempferol 3-O-alloside (F6), and two kaempferol glycosides (F3 and F7). The white flowers also contained these flavonoids and were divided into two chemotypes by their flavonoid composition. However, the flavonoids could not be detected from the purple flowers. Thus, it was presumed that the purple flower color of C. patens is due to an intra-molecular copigment