Metabolism of 20(S)-and 20(R)-Ginsenoside R_<g3> by Human Intestinal Bacteria and Its Relation to in Vitro Biological Activities

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When ginsenoside R_<g3> was anaerobically incubated with human fecal microflora, all specimens metabolized ginsenoside R_<g3> to ginsenoside R_<h2> and protopanaxadiol. The main metabolite was ginsenoside R_<h2>. 20(S)-ginsenoside R_<g3> was quickly transformed to 20(S)-ginsenoside R_<h2> or 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in an amount 19-fold that compared with the transformation of 20(R)-ginsenoside R_<g3> to 20(R)-ginsenoside R_<h2> or 20(R)-protopanaxadiol. Among the bacteria isolated from human fecal microflora, Bacteroides sp., Eubacterium sp., and Bifidobacterium sp. metabolized ginsenoside R_<g3> to protopanaxadiol via ginsenoside R_<h2>. However, Fusobacterium sp. metabolized ginsenoside R_<g3> to ginsenoside R_<h2> alone. Among ginsenoside R_<g3> and its metabolites, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-ginsenoside R_<h2> exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines, 20(S)-and 20(R)-protopanaxadiols potently inhibited the growth of Helicobacter pylori, and 20(S)-ginsenoside R_<h2> inhibited H^+/K^+ ATPase of rat stomach.
社団法人日本薬学会の論文
2002-01-01