温室トマトにおける新規うどんこ病の世界的流行と病原菌の同定ならびにその防除対策について

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記事区分：総説Starting in 1998, annual outbreaks of powdery mildew have been detected in commercial tomato cultivars grown in greenhouses of Kinki University (Nara Prefecture, Japan). This disease is especially severe in young seedings and has vigorously expanded to fields when chemical control was insufficient. Our previous research revealed that commercial tomato cultivars available in Japan were highly susceptible to natural infection by powdery mildew. A similar severe disease outbreak had occurred with greenhouse and field-grown tomatoes in several European countries, Canada and the United States. However, no paper has described the formation of cleistothecia by these powdery mildews. In 2001, Kiss et al. reported that all recent outbreaks of tomato powdery mildew outside Australia were caused by a species that formed conidia singly, or occasionally in pseudochains of 2 to 6 conidia. They proposed the creation of a new species, Oidium neolycopersici, provided that the Australian isolates that always formed conidia in chains retained the name O. lycopersici. According to their criteria, a Japanese isolate of the tomato powery mildew was identified as O. neolycopersici L.. Kiss (KTP-01). In this treatise, the author reviews articles which cover almost all the publications that describe tomato powdery mildew. In the first section, the outbreak of the new tomato powdery mildew will be discussed in historical order in the European, African, North and South American, and Asian countries (including Japan). In the second section, some papers will be presented that identify a causal pathogen of this disease and which finalize a complicated argument for identifying the powdery mildew. The third section discusses some wild tomato species that carry genes resistant to the pathogens isolated in different countries and shows some major and minor isolated genes mapped onto chromosomes of common tomato species. In the final section, we describe chemical, biological and physical measures to control the pathogen along with our success in developing a new electrostatic spore precipitator as a physical control method. With an expansion of the disease in many Japanese tomato cultivation areas, the rapid detection of the causal pathogen, the prospect of the swift spread of the disease, and the well-timed application of efficient control measures have become major concerns. We hope the present treatise will present important information for protecting tomato plants from the new powdery mildew pathogen.
2007-03-31

温室トマトにおける新規うどんこ病の世界的流行と病原菌の同定ならびにその防除対策について

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