Gnathohexagraphic evaluation of ingestion and swallowing in elderly

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We compared ingestion and swallowing in elderly and young people using a gnathohexagraphic (GC Corp., Tokyo) with 6 degree of freedom. The test foods used were 5 cc of water, 5 g of jelly and 5 g of kamaboko fish paste. Gnathohexagraphic measurements were made with microphones attached on the zygomatic bone and the cricoid cartilage to record jaw movements and the sounds of occlusion and swallowing. In order to evaluate pharyngeal bolus transit, we measured the number of chewing strokes and the time of between occlusal and swallowing sounds. We found that the elderly had simple mouth opening and closing, short and clear occlusal sounds and a short swallowing with water. During jelly swallowing, a few chewing and occlusal sounds were recorded, as well as a short swallowing sound. When kamaboko was ingested, chewing was complicated, and several occlusal sounds and a long swallowing sound of low amplitude was recorded. The temporalis and the masseter muscles were activated during occlusion, whereas the temporalis, masseter and digastrics muscles were all actively coordinated during swallowing of the test foods. The mode of chewing was the same for both young adults and the elderly, although the number of chewing cycle varied. The time difference between the last occlusal sound in the chewing cycle and the swallowing sound is called the O-S lag. We found that the elderly had prolonged O-S lag compared with younger subjects. The difference was greatest and most varied for water. These results suggest that the ingestion/swallowing reserve of elderly deteriorates regardless of their health due to natural deterioration of the physiological functions as well as the anatomical changes. We would like to evaluate various conditions of ingestion and swallowing based on the results of this study.
大阪歯科学会の論文

Gnathohexagraphic evaluation of ingestion and swallowing in elderly

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