準拠集団と道徳性の発達(第2報告)

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This is a very brief summary of the report of a series of studies on reference groups and moral development. In the first study, an attempt was made to construct a moral development test in terms of moral judgment in interpersonal conflicting situations. The test consisted of 16 questions, each of which included a conflicting situation of moral judgment, and four-choice response items; that is, Type A-selfish-expedient, Type B-conforming-other-oriented, Type C-conscientious-normative, and Type D-rational-altruistic. Out of four responses, described in terms of a form of concrete behavior, in each test situation, the subjects were asked to choose the most fitting response. The results show a remarkable tendency by fourth graders and above to dominantly choose C and D type responses. In the second study, the general features of moral judgment responses and a mode of choice of reference persons were examined. Fourth graders were likely to choose parents as their reference persons whereas sixth graders were more likely to choose close friends. No significant relationship was found between children's moral judgment responses and their choice of reference persons. Next, the effects of agreement and disagreement between moral judgment responses of reference persons and children's own responses were experimentally investigated to determine whether or not the children's responses were modified. Where the children's typical responses were of Type A, disagreement between their responses and those by reference persons was likely to lead to the children modifying their responses in the direction of agreement with the reference persons' responses. In other type responses, however, such a tendency was not evident. In the condition of agreement, children tended to positively appreciate the reference persons' responses, but in the condition of disagreement, they were likely to react more negatively to reference persons' responses. In the subsequent study, parent-child moral judgments were compared on the basis of four different criteria. In general, children tended to perceive parents' judgments as similar to their own; likewise, parents also tended to regard their children's judgments as similar to theirs. The latter tendency, however, was not as conspicuous as the former. In the final study, children's moral judgments were compared with their mothers' judgments as perceived by their children, as well as with friends' judgments as perceived by the subjects. The subjects were very likely to interprete other's moral judgments as similar to their own. In cases of disagreement, children were likely to judge that their mother's responses were in accord with the majority judgments, whereas they tended to regard their friends' responses as supporting their own responses. Finally, some promising lines for further study are discussed.
国際基督教大学の論文

準拠集団と道徳性の発達(第2報告)

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