準拠集団と道徳性の発達(第1報告) : 子どもの準拠人

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the roles of reference groups as a factor affecting the individual's moral behavior as a part of a series of cooperative research projects on the psychological basis of moral development, headed by Professor Keisuke Sawada. There are several different theoretical perspectives in moral behavior. The individual may be treated as a function of social control or control by others. Despite the fact that the influence of the reference group on the individual's moral behavior is often stressed, there is very little empirical evidence to support it. In the present study, a test of measuring one's reference group was designed in terms of specifying one's reference persons as a preliminary step. A questionnaire consisted of ten typical life situations in which each child was asked to choose a person most appropriate for him to refer to both at a level of reality and at a level of wishes and expectations. The subjects were 250 (132 male and 118 female) fourth grade pupils in elementary schools and 152 (82 male and 69 female) second year students in a junior high school in Iruma-shi, Saitama Prefecture. The responses of the subjects were analyzed regarding age differences, sex differences and the difference between the responses to real situations and those to expected situations. The analyses of the data revealed the followings. 1) Fourth grade pupils are more likely to choose parents as their reference persons, while junior high school students are more likely to choose their close friends, regardless of sex and the level of the response. The tendency to change reference persons for children from parents to close friends is quite conspicuous. 2) Boys tend to choose fathers and brothers more than mothers and sisters, and girls tend to choose mothers and sisters more than fathers and brothers, regardless of the subjects' age. 3) There is a tendency that the father is chosen more at a level of expectations, and the mother is chosen more at a level of reality in both sexes and both age levels. The findings were consistent with the predictions based on children's developmental trends. Finally, some promising lines for further research have been suggested.
国際基督教大学の論文

準拠集団と道徳性の発達(第1報告) : 子どもの準拠人

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