集団討議場面における情況論理的な態度と原因帰属の分析

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Psycho-logic is the shema of assimilation and accommodation, which determines one's own behavior in anticipation and in causal attribution. Tentativelty using the terms of Skinner, B.F. (1957), Fukaya and Mukai (1986) define the two distinctive types of psyco-logic as Tacting and Manding. From the psycho-logic of tacting, actors in the psychological field will be centripetally emphasized as a behavioral subject. From the psycho-logic of manding, the becomings as a whole will centrifugally come to the surface. Ikegami, Y. (1982) noticed Japanese as a language of manding type, in contrast with English as a language of tacting type. This difference between Japanese and English can be admitted in interpersonal attitude and behavior, as pointed by Doi, T. (1980) and Kawai, H. (1989). This study was designed to discuss some conspicuous features of manding psycho-logic, which Japanese are psychologically based on. In this study, a subject was requested to take one of the four roles in the small group discussion. The four roles were P-role, who was asked to perform the group task, M-role, who was asked to maintain the group, A-role, who was asked to go against a task-oriented person, and F-role, who was asked to behave freely. One of the roles was assigned to forty college students. An experimental group was consisted of the four persons, who played their own role differently. After twenty minutes' discussion, the subjects were individually asked to express their own attitudes and causal attributions. They were also requested to estimate other members' attitudes and causal attributions. The results were apparently in line with the assumptions derived from the psycho-logic of manding. Even if a subject took a assigned role, he recognized his role-taking behaviour as his own, in accordance with the role which he considered to be expected by other members. When the subject judged the discussion as a successful one, he showed his positive attitude, and he attributed the successful discussion to other members' faculties and efforts. Surprisingly, none of the subjects attributed the success to their own internal factors. This is quite contrary to the derivations from the attribution theories by Heider, F. (1958) and Weiner, B. et al. (1971). Heider constructed his theory based upon "Naive Psychology," which is supposed to reflect the psycho-logic of tacting. However, the psycho-logic of manding should be taken into consideration when we study attributional processes. For this purpose, the author distinguished the two types of psycho-logic. This study suggested that Japanese might involve in the psychological double bind, which can be derived from the psycho-logic of tacting and the psycho-logic of manding.
国際基督教大学の論文

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向井敦子
国際基督教大学

集団討議場面における情況論理的な態度と原因帰属の分析

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