行動制御回路モデルにおける自己保存系としての態度

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The concept of attitude has played a central role in the development of social psychological studies. From its relatively simple beginning as a state of readiness to respond, the concept has grown into the present-day formulation. An attitude is an intervening variable, hypothetically inferred from the relationships between independent and dependent variables, which has contributed to building up general, deductive theories on human social behavior. It is an organization, consisting of affective, cognitive, and conative components, which show a tendency toward intra- and/or inter- consistency, seeking for one's adjustment and self-maintenance. It is a structuring process of forming and changing his behavioral field, which enables him to rehearse his behavioral and symbolic operation with the changing world. These natures of attitude have been demonstrated theoretically and positively. Generally speaking, attitudes are inferred from what a person says about an attitude object, from what he feels about it, and from the way he says he will behave toward it. To what extent are what he says, how he feels, and how he intends to behave consistent with what he actually does? It is often pointed out that behavior does not always conforms to attitudes, while attitudes are theoretically assumed to be determinants of behavior. To resolve this apparant contradiction, the authors propose to integrate the concept of attitude into the more general framework of behavior regulatory system. From the view-point of cybernetics, especially on the basis of E. von Holst's feedback theory, we have constructed Behavior-Controlling Circuit Model, consisting of Perceptual System (P-system); Self-Conservative System (C-system); Behavioral System (B-system); System of Sign-Sources (S-system), as illustrated in Fig. 4. P-system is defined as the functional system of sign-extraction from sign-sources by way of assimilatory transformation ((1)) in Fig. 4), such as partitioning, generalizing, abstractioning, and so on, as illustrated in Fig. 5. The transformations of sign-extraction will provide the formal criteria for behavior regulation ((2)). The categorizing responses induced by extracted signs must be classified, preserved, and ordered for the utility of .behavioral functioning. These functions are prescribed in C-system and will give the utilitarian criteria ((3)). B-system regulates the effectors for operating sign-sources ((4)). The disturbances caused by inadaptability to changing sign-sources feed back to B-system ((5)), and regenerates self-conservative accomodation. This accomodatory conservation will provide emotional and anticipatory criteria to behavioral modification ((6)). The residue generated from emotional accomodation regenerates perceptual accomodation, and determines the affective criteria for readjustment of sign-extraction ((7)). These emotional and affective regulations help a person to accomodate with changing sign-sources ((8)). The assimilatory processing of sign-extraction prescribed by affective accomodation can be defined as Pattern Preserving Transformation, and the assimilatory processing of ordering sign-utility prescribed by emotional accomodation can be defined as Measure Preserving Transformation. In this hypothetically constructed Behavior -Controlling Circuit Model, we propose that attitudes should be integrated in Self-Conservative System. The Behavior-Controlling Circuit is assumed as a directive and dynamic organization, formed through differentiation from less specific to more specific. Therefore, attitudinal categorizing responses show various developmental modes: affective identity (γ'); formal identity (β'); utlitarian identity (α'); utilitarian equivalence (α); formal equivalence (β); affective equivalence (γ),as illustrated in Fig. 6. They also show various stratificational modes of change and resistance, which interact with pattern preserving transformations and/or measure preserving transformations, as analysed in Table 2.
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行動制御回路モデルにおける自己保存系としての態度

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