協同と競争について(その一)

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The present article is a part of the introduction to the author's experimental study on cooperation and competition in small face-to-face groups. The concepts of cooperation and of competition have a great significance for the understanding and control of social process, because we are confronted with situations involving such concepts as far as we carry on social life. In spite of the fact that we are taught to act cooperatively in usual interpersonal and intergroup relations which help us to make success in life, only a few of us are able to actually succeed. And this situation prevails, because our social system is highly competitive. Even in classroom situation, this phenomenon is seen very often; for example, the class is usually set up in order that only a few of its pupils may achieve the goal which, in turn, is strictly circumscribed by their teacher. However, we must not neglect to make efforts to nurture cooperative attitude among pupils, and it is very important to know how we might promote cooperation and how we might utilize the effects of cooperation and competition as motivation in learning. For the purpose of investigating into these questions, the author surveyed experimental studies on cooperation and competition. These included such studies as those The author then considered the implication of these laboratory investigations on cooperation and competition as concrete social processes. As a result, it wasfound that such characteristics as productivity, cohesiveness, stability of organization, groupmorale and so on are seen more frequently in cooperative situation than in competitive situation. Although we cannot immediately apply this finding to the actual educational situation, because the studies concerned dealt with specifically controlled laboratory experiments, the finding might suggest new ideas towards improving interpersonal relationships. At the same time, we should proceed to further our investigations into problems oncooperation and competition which are found in extensive social settings.
国際基督教大学の論文

協同と競争について(その一)

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