均衡理論の適用による母-子の態度に関する研究(第2報告)

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The present paper concerns itself with, first, the examination of the relationships between some aspects of attitudinal similarity between the mother and the child and their interpersonal attraction at the stage of posttesting and, second, the examination of the variability of responses between the two tests made by the mother and the child. As was stated in the first report, four indices concerning attitudinal similarity between the mother and the child were obtained from children's ratings on themselves (C-I) and their perception of the mother's ratings (C-II) on the one hand, and the mothers' ratings on their actual child (M-I) and an ideal child (M-II) on the other. In the present study, 98 female second graders in a private junior high school in Tokyo and their mothers served as subjects. The pretest-posttest control group design was adopted and the subjects were randomly assigned either to the experimental condition (the feedback group) of to the control condition (non-feedback group). In the pretest, all the subjects rated the 50 items stated in the first report. Ten days after the pretest, feedback on each mother's responses regarding M-I and M-II were given to each child of the experimental group only. The posttest, consisting of the identical items with the pretest, was administered to all of the subjects, twelve days after the period of feedback. The following hypotheses derived from equilibrium theory, particularly Newcomb's postulates on interpersonal balance, were substantiated in the posttest as well as in the pretest. 1) The child's attraction to her mother was positively related to the mother's attraction to her child. 2) "Assumed similarity" was positively related to the child's attraction to her mother. 3) "Real similarity" was positively related to the child's attraction to her mother, but contrary to the prediction, it was not significantly related to the mother's attraction to her child. 4) "Accuracy" was also positively related to the child's attraction to her mother. 5) Further, "satisfaction" was positively related to the mother's attraction to her child, which had not been supported in the pretest. Next, the examination of responses of control group subjects between both tests revealed the following concerning the variability and the stability of the responses on the part of those subjects. 1) The variability of four indices were less than one third of the random variable errors. 2) The increase of "assumed similarity" and "satisfaction" of the control group subjects was less conspicuous than that of the experimental ones. 3) The variability of responses relating to intrapersonal cognitive structuring, such as "assumed similarity", was larger than that relating to the interpersonal system, such as "real similarity" and "accuracy". 4) The variability of responses by children was larger than that by mothers. These findings were generally consistent with the predictions based on the equilibrium theory. Along with two other relevant articles by the authors, the results show more evidences of the applicability of the equilibrium theory to the investigation of parent-child relationships.
国際基督教大学の論文

均衡理論の適用による母-子の態度に関する研究(第2報告)

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