All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) increases host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection

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Dietary vitamin A is an essential precursor of tissue retinol, which participates in a variety of biologicalprocesses including innate immunity. Functions of vitamin A mainly depend on retinoic acid（ RA）, principally all-trans-RA （atRA） and 9-cis-RA. We assessed whether atRA is benefi cial in host resistance against bacterial infections ornot. Vitamin A-defi cient（ VAD） mice were highly susceptible to infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Pre-treatmentwith atRA enhanced host resistance against L. monocytogenes infection in both VAD and VAS mice. Interferon（ IFN）-γ production in atRA pre-treated VAS mice was not higher compared with the control VAD mice. The eff ect of atRAwas independent of T cells and B cells. The bactericidal activity in macrophages obtained from atRA pre-treated VASmice was almost the same level compared with the control VAS mice. Our results demonstrated that the treatmentwith atRA is benefi cial for host resistance against L. monocytogenes infection in the early phase and suggested a newtherapeutic possibility of atRA in bacterial infections.