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Heterogeneity of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in serum and ascites from the patients of liver carcinomas and hepatic cirrhosis was investigated by an affinity chromatography of the Concanavalin A (Con-A) Sepharose. For this study, we prepared each four cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma to the liver and hepatic cirrhosis. The Con-A affinity chromatography resolved each AFP into Con-A non-reactive, Con-A weak reactive and Con-A reactive forms. The AFP in Con-A reactive form was eluted by the addition of α-Methyl-D-glucoside to the starting buffer. The fractionated patterns of AFP in the serum by affinity chromatography came out as differences among the hepatocellular carcinomas, the metastatic carcinomas and the hepatic cirrhosis. Futhermore, the AFP derived from serum and ascites of the same patients with the hepatocellular carcinoma showed also differences of distribution of the Con-A reactive forms, respectively.These results suggest that the investigation of the heterogenous AFP using Con-A Sepharose chromatography may be useful in evaluating the clinical diagnosis of the liver diseases, especially, hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic liver carcinoma and hepatic cirrhosis.