atomの訳語の形成過程

概要

論文の詳細を見る
We studied various Japanese nomenclature of "atom" and the root of the word genshi for "atom". Before the Edo era the Latin term atomus was first translated into Japanese by the word Migin (Mijin) in the Dictionarium Latino-Lusitanicum ac Iaponicum (Amacusa in Collegio Societatis Iesu), published in 1595. Before the Meiji Restoration (1868) Dalton's atomic theory was first described in the Heika Shudoku Seimi-Shingen (manuscript, 1856) which Komin Kawamoto translated from a Dutch translation of M. Meijer's Gronden der Krijgskundige Scheikunde (1840). In this book the Dutch terms at oom and atomen were transliterated into Chinese characters by the words atomu (亜多母) and atomen (亜多綿). Then the atomic theory was described in more detail in the Kagaku Shinsho (manuscript, 1860) which K. Kawamoto translated from a Dutch translation of J. A. Stockhardt's Die Schule der Chemie. In this book K. Kawamoto adopted the word bunshi (分子) for "atom". Thereafter bunshi was used as a Japanese term for the Dalton's atom and compound atoms in the 1860's. On the other hand, the nomenclature of genshi to mean atom was first coined by T. Ishiguro and H. Adachi in a chemical book Kagaku Kunmo (published in 1870) translated and compiled by I. Ishiguro. Either of them was a doctor and teacher of chemistry at the Toko (Medical School, one of the predecessors of Tokyo University). Avogadro's molecular hypothesis was introduced into Japan in the Rika Nikki (published in 1872) which M. Ichikawa translated from the lecture of H. Ritter (a foreign employee), who from 1870 to 1872 taught chemistry and physics at Osaka Rigakusho. In the book M. Ichikawa used saibunshi (細分子) for molecule and the Japanese syllabary atomu (アトム) for atom. The use of genshi for atom and bunshi for molecule dated from the middle of the 1870's in the field of chemistry. In 1881 Tokyo Kagakukai (the Chemical Society of Tokyo) organized a committee for unifying chemical terms. In 1883 the terms genshi for atom and bunshi for molecule were adopted in the committee, and chemical vocabulary including the words genshi and bunshi was published in the Tokyo Kagaku Kai-shi and Toyo Gakugei-Zasshi in 1883. Note: In China the term genshi (原子) for atom was not coined, but introduced from Japan in the late Meiji era.
日本科学史学会の論文
1986-05-15

atomの訳語の形成過程

スポンサーリンク

概要

著者

関連論文

スポンサーリンク