幕末・明治初期における日本語の元素名(II) : 元素の日本語名の成立過程の研究

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This paper deals with the historical process of various Japanese nomenclature of elements in the 1820s-1880s in Japan. The first introduction of Lavoisier's terms of elements in Japan was seen in the Ensei Iho Meibutsuko (1822-25) which Genshin Udagawa and Yoan Udagawa compiled from Dutch pharmaceutical books. In this book the Dutch term hoofdstof or grondstof is translated into Japanese as the term genso (元素). In the book, Yoan Udagawa coined the terms sanso (酸素), suiso (水素) and tanso (炭素) for Dutch terms zuurstof waterstof and koolstof respectively. Then, he coined the terms chisso (窒素) and enso (塩素). The present Japanese nomenclature of elements of the suffix-so (素) is based on Yoan's nomenclature. Lavoisier's new concept of elements was described in more detail in the Ensei Iho Meibutsuko-Hoi (published in 1835). Morisaburo Ichikawa proposed in the Rika Nikki (published in 1872) that the Japanese terms of all non-metals should have a common ending in-so (素). His idea of the nomenclature of all non-metals was not generally accepted, although it was favoured by a few chemists. In the late Edo era (1820s-1860s) the names of many other elements appeared as the transliterations of Chinese characters for the terms used in Western Europe. The use of the transliteration of the Japanese alphabet kana for the elements appeared in the early 1870s. The Chinese character-transliteration became generally less prevalent. The use of the new transliteration nomenclature of the kana was generally accepted by the early 1880s in the field of chemistry. The Chinese's single word nomenclature of elements adopted in the Hua Xue Chu Jie ("化学初階" published in 1870) and Hua Xue Jian Yuan ("化学鑑原" published in 1872) was introduced into Japan in the early 1870s. But it has had little influence on the Japanese nomenclature of elements.
日本科学史学会の論文
1990-03-30

幕末・明治初期における日本語の元素名(II) : 元素の日本語名の成立過程の研究

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