計画的人口移動と人口分布における土地開発政策に関する研究 : 北海道とマレーシアの比較分析

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Increasing concern has been expressed towards the severity of problems associated with an inadequate spatial distribution of population and with the constraints that such an inadequacy places upon achievement of development objectives. Land development, as a planned migration and population distribution strategy were therefore examined in 2 case studies - Hokkaido and Malaysia (in particular FELDA) and compared. Similarities and differences were observed. The programmes in both countries has been found to have a similar proportion of settlers to total population settled in the first 24 years years of operation. Initial failures in both cases to attract migrants were due to hardships in frontier land, the lack of experience of implementors, and the lack of basic facilities and supportive community on the site. However, the change in government policy to indirect assistance (infrastructure and capital migration promotion) in Hokkaido ; and the designation of comprehensive integrated settlements in Malaysia triggered large streams of migration. In both cases, migrants were either disoriented or less privileged sector of the population. So conditions or prospects in the destination settlement sites must be better than the origin settlement areas. Candidates were carefully selected to minimise dropout rates and ensure scheme success. Age of settlers, size of farms and the highly structured organization of activities were also found to be similar. A very important element in population retention was the existence of community solidarity and cooperativeness. However, while the role of private enterprise in in-migration as well as the industrialization of Hokkaido was a significant dimension, the FELDA-model of a package deal was totally government-managed. Both organizations were autonomous bodies in their operations, although FELDA works in cooperation with other Agencies. An outstanding point is that FELDA's powers are limited in the acquisition of land which is a State prerogative, whereas the Hokkaido government has full jurisdiction over the land. Furthermore, where land and tools were given free to cultivators in Hokkaido, FELDA integrated schemes are developed and transferred to settlers after which the costs are gradually repaid.
北海道大学の論文
1983-08-15

計画的人口移動と人口分布における土地開発政策に関する研究 : 北海道とマレーシアの比較分析

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