ルール地方の地域計画 : SVRを中心として

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We have described the social and economic structures, the local government system of West Germany and the regional planning of the SVR established in 1920. Next, we clarified the relationship between the regional planning of the SVR and the integrated local administration of Japan. The main results are as follows : (1) After World War II, the economic principle of West Germany was a social market economic principle based on a free competitive economy to ensure human freedom, to increase prosperity, and to improve social welfare. Thus, the power administration of the nation within economic territory is limited only to the taxation system, labour and social welfare and environmental conservation. Today, the economic parties, the labour unions and local government have the most important distribution of sectors in the social, economic and environment territories of West Germany. (2) The regional characteristics of West Germany is demonstrated by the regional dispersion and the International European Community. The regional dispersion is based on the economic unification of the economic history of Germany. The fundamentals of higher regional autonomy is not based on regional self-sufficiency, but on international economic trades through the regional merchants and international networks of West Germany. (3) West Germany has many systems of communal area bodies made up of members of local authorities. SVR (Siedlungsverband Ruhrkohlenbezirk) in Nordhein-Westfalen Land is not the oldest communal association but it boasts of having the widest range of duties and powers in the Ruhr District such as combined responsibilities, and the powers of these have engendered what is today known as regional planning. (4) The finance of West Germany emphasizes the local administrative body such as the Land Government, the communal area body and the local authority. The local authority invests heavily in social investments such as industry and living. For the financial control between each local authority, the Federal Government deliver the funds to the local authority in proportion to the financial conditions without restraint. (5) The Ruhr District, subject to the responsibility of the SVR is clearly defined by legislation. The territory is comprised of approximately 4,600 square kilometers. It includes towns situated in the main metropolitan districts which have gradually assumed an urban character, and rural areas adjacent to this metroprolitan area, which comprises 11 Kreisfreie stadte and 5 Kreis. The Ruhr District accounts for more than 50% of the output of hard coal and for more than a quarter of crude steel production in the EC. The Ruhr District is the most important region for heavy industries in West Germany. (6) The organization of the SVR consists of Verbandsversammlung, VerbandsausschuB and Verbandsdirector. Verbandsversammlung is the Parliament of the SVR in which 3/5 of the members of Parliament are elected by direct voting of inhabitants and 2/5 of the members of Parliament by the recommendation of both the economic parties and labour unions based on Mitbestimmungsgasetz. VerbandsausschuB consists of the representative members of the Parliament with the same Constitution of Parliament and has established many committees to advise the management of the SVR. (7) The SVR is a Land Planning cooperation and as such is responsible for the regional planning and development of the Ruhr Region. According the Land Planning Act it has the following tasks : -to develop and advise on the goals and objectives of land and regional planning with respect to its area of influence in accordance with the overall principles of regional planning of land and in cooperaion with all other planning authorities concerned,(8) Since 1960, the reorganization of prefectural system, the combination of local authorities, local public unions and the large metropolitan administration was being considered in Japan, The Integrated Local Administration as one of the communal unions for the purpose of using integrated facilities was established to develop the Wider Administration Area for Local Townships by the Ministry of Local Governments. Other integrated local areas are the Local Life Area for daily life designed by the Ministry of Construction and the Comprehensive Arrangement to Rural Community designed by the Ministry of Agriculture. In November 1977, the Government decided on the paper, "The Third Comprehensive National Development Plan" as a Comprehensive National Development Plan, stipulated in the Comprehensive National Land Development Plan Act. In the Third Comprehensive National Development Plan, the "Integrated Residence Policy" was established. The Integrated Residence Policy aims at establishing new planned living areas and form a TEIJYU-KEN which is a conglomerate body of cities and rural areas, including mountains, lowlands, seas, etc. A TEIJYU-KEN contains many municipalities and it is necessary to establish a wide-sphere autonomy. However, the TEIJYU-KEN is not meant to clarify the wide sphere autonomy such the SVR in the Ruhr District of West Germany. Nowadays, it is becoming difficult to promote the TEIJYU-KEN due to conflicts between the municipalities, the coordination of other integrated local areas and the unestablished financial background of the TEIJYU-KEN.
北海道大学の論文
1982-03-25

ルール地方の地域計画 : SVRを中心として

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