酸エーロゾル発生職場の環境と作業者の最大呼吸流量

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Twenty two workers who were exsosed to acid aerosols, hydrogen chloride mists in a electric applianced manufacture and sulfuric acid mists in a copper smelter industries were examined their pulmonary ventilatory peak flow rate comparing with 15 control subjects who were not accustomed to such irritant mists. Moistened acid aerosols were generated from hot acid bath, for pretreatment of galvanization, and their median aero sol diameter were measured as ca. 6 microns (HCl) and ca. 3 microns (H_2SO_4) in the respective plants by examining on a Gerhard's thymol blue impregnated film sampled in a spiral sampler. Reading of peak flow rates by Wright's flow meter was made at three points in sequence: before exposure, after on hour of exposure during work and after bronchodilator (Isoproterenol) inhalation. The results summarized are as follows: 1. In control subjects the peak flow rate showed a remarkable decrease after entering acid aerosol environment in the both factories, about 9% decrease for HCl aerosols of 8.68mg/m^3 and about 2% decrease for H_2SO_4 aerosols of 1.88mg/m^3 while for the accustomed H_2SO_4 workers the response showed no significant change or even increase in some cases as shown in Fig.4 (B). This difference seems to be attributed to period of working experience and tolerance of the workers. Wright peak flow response was greater and more prompt in HCl aerosol workshop where the median diameter of the aerosols was large, than in H_2SO_4 aerosols with smaller diameter which includes considerable amount of submicron sized droplets. 2. Effects of bronchodilator during acid exposure showed the significant difference between the aerosol workers and the control group in the both environments; greater increase of peak flow rate in the control (16% for HCl, 5% for H_2SO_4 increase from the level of bronchostriction) than in the aerosol workers (2% rise for HCl, 1-3% rise for H_2SO_4). 3. Considering such factors as droplet size, chemical property, duration of working experience and behavior by bronchodilator, it may be concluded that H_2SO_4 aerosols of small particle with submicron size acts more persistent as bronchial irritant and results more chronic damage to respiratory tracts than larger sized HCl aerosols to which mainly the upper part of the airway is responded and the reaction is rather intense and momentary.
社団法人日本産業衛生学会の論文
1962-08-20

酸エーロゾル発生職場の環境と作業者の最大呼吸流量

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