薬物過敏症の統計的観察 : 薬物過敏症者372人の調査成績

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The investigation was made on 372 subjects with allergic history of drugs. Numbers of hypersensitive subjects classified in each drug were as follows: Name of drug No.of subjects Pyrazolone-derivatives 161 Penicillin 87 Sulfonamide-derivatives 43 Aspirin 30 PAS 36 Streptomycin 11 ACTH 10 other rugs 52 (Barbiturate, Chloramphenicol, etc.) Following results were obtained. 1) Laboratory examinations such as liver function test, blood examinations, electrophoretical serum protein pattern, ultracentrifugation of serum and intradermal skin reaction with 10-^6 histamine solution, revealed no significant abnormalities. 2) The classification of the drug hypersensitivity into immediate and delayed types were attempted from the latent time between administration of the drug and onset of the hypersensitive manifestations. The latent time in cases of shock was shorter than 30 minutes after either injection or oral administration, and a similar trend was observed in the majority of subjects with urticaria and angioedema-type manifestation. Positive intradermal skin test was often obtained in subjects with short latent times, and most of them belonged to shock type or urticarial type with severe symptomes. On the other hand, latent time in most of other types such as morbilliform, erythema multiform, eczematous form, fixed eruption, and drug fever, was longer than in the former types. The intradermal skin test, both immediate and delayed reaction, proved negativ in the majority of the latter types. 3) Investigation on the intradermal skin test in the subjects with hypersensitivity revealed that the incidence of positive reaction was correlated closely with the type of hypersensitivity, the grade of severity as mentioned above, the kind of drugs, and the time elapsed after the last hypersensitive manifestation. Intradermal skin test was oftern negativ when the test was done more than a year after the last episode of severe hypersensitivity even in the case of shock or urticaria. Similar trend was observed in Prausnitz-Kustner test. All the skin sensitizing antibodies obtained from sera of these subjects were thermolabil. 4) In the drug hypersensitive subjects, allergic diseases were observed frequently in their familial and past history, but there was no significant difference in frequency among each type except urticaria. 5) There was no correlation between the total dosis or frequency of drug administration and sensitization to the drug. Thirty-four out of 82 subjects with penicillin hypersensitivity experienced the occurrence of hypersensitive manifestation at the first administration of penicillin. 6) The subjects with allergic past history of one drug, showed an increased tendency to be sensitive to other drugs. Cross hypersensitivity between antipyrin and aspirin was relatively frequently observed than between other drugs, especially in the type of urticaria. Erythromycin, phenacetine, and papaverin are likely to be less potent to sensitize the human subjects.
日本アレルギー学会の論文
1964-06-30

薬物過敏症の統計的観察 : 薬物過敏症者372人の調査成績

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