Repeated Antigen Inhalations Alter Chemical Mediators That Cause Asthmatic Obstruction in Guinea Pigs

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The contributions of histamine, cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) to the asthmatic responses and the magnitudes of blood and lung eosinophilia at acute and chronic stages of our asthmatic model were comparatively determined. Guinea pigs were alternately sensitized/challenged by inhalation with ovalbumin+Al(OH)3 and ovalbumin, once every 2 weeks. Effects of mepyramine, pranlukast (a CysLT antagonist) and seratrodast (a TXA2 antagonist) on the early (EAR) and/or the late asthmatic response (LAR) were assessed at the second and fourth antigen challenges. The second challenge caused EAR but not LAR. Although the EAR was decreased at the fourth challenge, a substantial LAR was seen. Both mepyramine and seratrodast inhibited the EAR at the second challenge by approximately 50%. However, at the fourth challenge, these drugs did not inhibit the EAR. The LAR at the fourth challenge was attenuated by pranlukast and seratrodast by 45% and 40%, respectively. Both the blood and lung eosinophilia were modestly and markedly induced 5 h after the second and fourth challenges, respectively. These results strongly suggest that repetition of antigen challenge induces quantitative alterations of chemical mediators participating in the asthmatic responses and a change of the body state under which eosinophils exhibit enhanced migratory activities.
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