中学校理科における対話と討論を通した「気体の性質」に関する授業実践<教育科学>

概要

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We analyzed qualitatively individual students' learning and the interaction with students who studied "the property of gases" ．The theme of "the property of gases" of which many students felt the difficulty in understanding was investigated．In this study, we thought the learning was some sort of participation to the community．As a result，the following points became clear．1) Students came to express the personalized ideas concerning the gases while they were having a discussion．Before the experiment of the verification, it did not easily tune to other students' opinions when they got some doubts, and they kept sticking to own ideas though they accepted it at once during the discussion when convincing reasons were shown by others．2) At the stage where their ideas were checked, the method of verification experiments to obtain positive proof and counterevidence was devised． It was heuristic for the students and the creative efforts because they had had to think while expanding the idea．3) The gap between the interpretation and the outcome of experiments was not caused because the conclusion to make them correspond to the outcome of the experiments had been discussed before they were experimented． When the doubts that the students had held during the discussion were able to be solved with mutual consent, their conceptual change was smoothly done．