Plastic Deformation of Copper and Iron Whiskers

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Plastic behaviors of copper and iron whiskers prepared by the hydrogen reduction of metal halides have been investigated by using an Instron-type tensile machine. Copper whiskers, thinner than about 20μ, and iron whiskers, thinner than about 30μ, show very sharp and high yield points and subsequent "easy glide" regions corresponding to the propagation of Luders bands. The highest yield stress is nearly the same as the theoretical strength of ideal crystal. In "easy glide" regions, remarkable serrations are observed with copper whiskers, but they are not observed with iron whiskers. Flow stresses of iron whiskers are nearly the fracture stresses of bulk single crystals. Work-hardening regions follow "easy glide" regions in copper whiskers, but they scarcely appear in iron whiskers. Characteristic quantities of copper whiskers show a remarkable thickness dependence, but they have no appreciable orientation dependence. Stress-strain curves of copper whiskers thicker than about 20μ scarcely show sharp yield points and serrations, being similar to those of bulk single crystals. The characteristic quantities of iron whiskers show both of remarkable thickness and orientation dependence. Iron whiskers thicker than about 30μ show yield points which, are not sharp ones, similar to those expected from Johnston's theory. On the other hand, iron whiskers thinner than about 10μ fractured after showing a localized plastic deformation. Such plastic behaviors of copper and iron whiskers seem to reflect the difference of the essential properties of dislocations in both materials.
東北大学の論文

Plastic Deformation of Copper and Iron Whiskers

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