学校・進路・学歴の日韓比較 : 中学生・高校生調査をもとに(2)

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日韓の中学生と高校生の調査に基づき，両国の教育の特徴を六つの側面から検討し，次のような結果を得た。第一に，高校生の勉強ストレスを検討し，その規定要因の構造の違いを明らかにした。第二に，高校生の「能力観」に対する分析を行い，能力観と勉強時間との関係が日韓で異なっていることを見出した。第三に，高校生の学校観を検討し，日韓における学校の機能の相違を見出した。第四に，女子高校生の教育アスピレーションとジェンダー意識の関係を検討し，その関係に対する階層要因の影響力の違いを明らかにした。第五に，中学生の職業希望を検討し，両国における学業成績と階層要因の影響力の違いを見出した。第六に，高校生の進路意識を検討し，両国の共通点とともに，職業選択条件に経済的効用をより求めるか否かという側面で若干の相違点を見出した。以上のことから，日韓両国は学歴社会や受験競争といった点で共通点をもつが，それらの現象をもたらす諸要因が異なっていることが明らかになった。We investigate similarities and differences in education between Japan and Korea. First of all, we analyze high school students' stress by academic coursework. According to this analysis, we can see the difference of causal structure about school students' stress by studying between Japan and Korea. Second, through the analyses on high school students' image of distribution and decisiveness of natured capacity, it is found that there is a difference in effects which the perceived decisive factor have on his/her study hours between Japanese students and Korean ones. Third, we examine how Japanese and Korean high school students think of their school. The finding is that for Korean students, the role of school relatively seems to be focused on academic aspect, while for Japanese students, the role of school seems to be more diverse. Forth, we investigate the effect of social class and gender consciousness on the educational aspiration of high school students. As a result, it is found that gender socialization is realized according the social classes in Japan, while meritocratic principle is applied even to girl students regardless of those in Korea. Fifth, we consider what have effected on junior high school students' perception of their future career choice. The result shows that the Japanese students' academic achievements and their parents' social class influence their future career choice and that, on the other hand, in Korea only the students' academic achievement have an effect on theirs. Sixth and finally, by focusing on occupational consciousness of high school students, we find that there are some similarity while Korean studens tend to demand more economical effect of occupation than Japanese ones.

学校・進路・学歴の日韓比較 : 中学生・高校生調査をもとに(2)

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