Dietary Effect of ω-3 Type Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Serum and Liver Lipid Levels in Rats

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The dietary effect of ω-3 type highly polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate (PUFA mix) was investigated on cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the serum and liver, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) levels in the serum. The PUFA mix prepared from squid liver oil contained about 75% of total ω-3 type fatty acids. In rats fed the normal diet to which 300 PUFA mix was added, the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipid in the serum markedly decreased as compared to rats fed a 3% methyl-oleate diet. However, lipid peroxide values in the liver and serum increased in rats fed PUFA mix-diets. In the hypercholesterolemic rats, a 5% PUFA mix-diet caused growth retardation and a corresponding reduction in food intake. Lipid peroxide in the liver and serum were more elevated in rats fed diets containing 1, 3 and 5% PUFA mix than in rats fed diets containing 5 oleate or 500 linoleate. In all the rats on PUFA mix-diets, there were depression of serum total cholesterol and elevation of serum HDLcholesterol. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol increased in proportion to the amounts of dietary PUFA mix. Total cholesterol level in the liver was depressed after PUFA mix feeding.
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