Increase in the Neuraminidase Activity of a Nonpathogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Isolate during Passaging in Chickens

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A pathogenic mutant of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was previously generated by passaging a non-pathogenic isolate from wild waterfowl. Velogenic mutant 9a5b (IVPI=2.67) contains three amino acid substitutions (128H, 495K and 573stop) in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, as compared with nonpathogenic waterfowl isolate 415/91 strain, and two of these (128H and 495K) were introduced after mesogenic 9a3b (IVPI=1.88). To investigate the role of the HN protein in NDV virulence, the function of HN protein such as neuraminidase (NA), Hemadsorption (HAd) and fusion promotion activities was examined by introducing the point mutations observed in passaged mutants into the HN gene cDNAs. In vitro functional assay using mutant protein expression demonstrated that the 128H substitution markedly increases NA activity and 573stop substitution increase NA and HAd activities. On the other hand, 495K substitution had little effect on any activities. These results indicate that a single amino acid substitution (128P to H) in the NDV HN protein affects the neuraminidase activity and is possibly correlated with the virulence.