Nitrous Oxide Emission and Microbial Community in the Rhizosphere of Nodulated Soybeans During the Late Growth Period

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We examined N2O emissions from the rhizospheres of field-grown soybeans during the late growth stage (99-117 days after sowing). Marked emissions were detected from the nodulated root systems of field-grown soybeans, whereas a non-nodulating soybean mutant showed no emissions. Degraded nodules exclusively generated the N2O. A culture-independent analysis of microbial communities showed Bradyrhizobium sp., Acidvorax facilis, Salmonella enterica, Xanthomonas sp., Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas putida, Fusarium sp., nematodes, and other protozoans to be more abundant in the degraded nodules, suggesting that some of these organisms participate in the N2O emission process in the soybean rhizosphere.