幼児の恐れの除去に関する実験的研究

概要

論文の詳細を見る
The present study was conducted to explore some effective ways to eliminate children's fear of high places by employing a desensitization technique based on the principle of "successive approximation". In Experiment 1, a desensitization technique used by Kuroda (1969) was replicated employing 104 three- to five-year-old children. On the first day, all of the subjects were required to cross a wooden-board bridge of 90 cm in height and 320 cm in length, and their degree of fear of high places were estimated in terms of time spent to cross the bridge and the manner of walking on the bridge. By matching the degree of fear on the first day, an experimental group and a control group were constructed. On the second day, the subjects of the experimental group were trained to cross the bridge of 60 cm in height on the first trial, and to cross of 75 cm in height on the second and third trial. The subjects of the control group were not trained in any way. On the third day, the degree of fear of high places for all the subjects were again estimated by the same procedure as on the first day. The results of Experiment 1 showd no evidence of the effectiveness of the desensitization training. Some procedural problems were discussed concerning the methods of training and the estimations of fear responses. In Experiment 2, 38 four-year-old children served as subjects. The desensitization technique was modified to fit in the principle of operant conditioning, especially of "successive approximation". On the first day, the subjects were requested to cross a bridge of 110 cm in height and 320 cm in length. Three judges evaluated the subjects' fear responses independently. The fear responses were determined in terms of the subjects' face expression, manner of walking, and posture when they were crossing the bridge. One of the judges also measured the time which the subjects spent to cross the bridge. By matching the degree of fear on the first day, an experimental group and a control group were constructed. The desensitization training was administered for two other days. On the first day of the training, the subjects of the experimental group were asked to cross the bridge of 65 cm in height and 320 cm in length, and after crossing, they were questioned whether they were frightened or not. If a subject answered that he was frightened, then he was given more trials until he ceased to be afraid at all. When a subject was not afraid, he was given two more training trials with 80 cm in height. The goal on the first day was to cross the bridge of 80 cm in height without fear. On the second day of training, each subject was given, at least, three training trials. The goal of the day was to cross the bridge of 95 cm in height without fear. The subjects of the control group was not given any desensitization training. On the fourth day, the degree of fear of high places for all the subjects were again estimated by the same judges on the first day. The fear responses were again evaluated after a month to test the lasting effectiveness of training. The results of Experiment 2 suggested that children's fear responses were reduced significantly by the desensitization training of "successive approximation" procedure, and also that the effectiveness of the training continued for a relatively long time.
奈良教育大学の論文

著者

玉瀬耕治
奈良教育大学

幼児の恐れの除去に関する実験的研究

スポンサーリンク

概要

著者

関連論文

スポンサーリンク