言語条件づけ課題における強化の組合わせ

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Two experiments were conducted to examine the effects of verbal reinforcement combinations on the performances in a Taffel-type verbal conditioning task. In Experiment I forty-five undergraduates were given direct reinforcements under one of the three reinforcement combinations : (1) "Good" for a critical response and "Bad" for three non-critical responses (RW), (2) "Good" for a critical response and nothing for three non-critical responses (RN), and (3) Nothing for non-critical responses and "Bad" for a critical response (NW). After 20 operant trials each subject was reinforced under one of these combinations. The obtained results that both RW and NW groups showed superior performances than RN group were explained to show that "Bad" produced a stronger tendency to avoid the noncritical responses than "Good" produced a tendency to approach the critical responses. The subjects who were aware of response-reinforcement contingencies and intended to receive "Good" and/or to avoid "Bad" showed superior performances than the other subjects. In Experiment II forty-five subjects were performed under one of the three vicarious reinforcement combinations. Vicarious reinforcements to the model's responses were recorded in a model tape. After 20 operant trials, 10 responses by the model tape were presented and then the subjects were required to respond 10 trials. The alternation of the model's and the subject's responses was repeated 6 times through 60 acquisition trials. Reinforcement combinations in model tapes were the same as Experiment I. Similar results to Experiment I were obtained, that is, RW and NW were superior to RN. Similar effects of awareness and intention to imitate the model were also found. It was suggested that the verbal reinforcement combinations in a verbal conditioning task had the same effects under both direct and vicarious reinforcements.
奈良教育大学の論文

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玉瀬耕治
奈良教育大学

言語条件づけ課題における強化の組合わせ

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