有孔虫の分類の変遷

概要

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The purpose of this paper is to provide an historical review of foraminiferal classification. Foraminifers were described as worms, cephalopods, gastropods and corals in the 18th century in Europe. In the early 19th century, the Order Foraminifera was distinguished from cephalopods by Orbigny (1826). Subsequently, numerous fossil species were described and their stratigraphic distributions studied by European researchers (e.g., Terquem, 1858). English workers concentrated on morphologic studies (Williamson, 1858) and the description of Recent faunas (Brady, 1884). In the earliest 20th century their economic value was recognized in petroleum exploration in America. Morphological taxonomical analysis was established by Cushman (1933) and Galloway (1933). Later, Wood (1949) described the optical characteristics of hyaline tests in polarized light. Loeblich and Tappan (1964) used test crystal orientation to distinguish suborders. The crystal ultrastructure of tests was studied by electron-microscope in 1970's. Loeblich and Tappan (1992) distinguished five suborders based on wall composition and texture. Currently, analysis of partial small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences is used to determine phylogenetic relationships, this has lead to taxonomical revisions of previously morphologically defined taxa.
日本動物分類学会の論文
2007-02-20