Improved Survival of Nutrient-Starved Cells of Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 in Acid Soil Associated with High AI^<3+> and Mn^<2+> Contents

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The effect of nutrient starvation in Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT899 on stress resistance to Al^<3+> and Mn^<2+> and on survival in acid soil associated with high Al^<3+> and Mn^<2+> contents was examined. In the liquid culture medium, after starvation by the exhaustion of carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus nutrients, CIAT899 survived at least 5 months with a slight loss of viability, indicating its ability to survive under starvation conditions. Upon re-suspension into a low phosphorus medium containing a high concentration of Al^<3+> (50 μM) or Mn^<2+> (500 μM), the carbon-starved cells showed an increased tolerance to Al^<3+> and Mn^<2+> compared with the non-starved cells. When inoculated to acid soils associated with high Al^<3+> and Mn^<2+> contents, the carbon-starved cells of CIAT899 showed an enhanced survival ability compared with the non-starved cells. These results suggest the advantage of the use of carbon-starved cells of Rhizobium as an inoculum to leguminous plants, especially in acid soil associated with high Al^<3+> and Mn^<2+> contents, in order to increase the nodulation by the inoculated strain through enhanced survival in soil.
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