<Originals>Learning of leg position in the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii

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Twenty-six experimental crayfish were trained to maintain a leg position above a specified level, below which the animal received an electric shock. The training limit was five 20-min training sessions, each of which was followed by a 10-min rest period. During the training period, a yoke-control animal was arranged in a series with the experimental animal, and received a pattern of aversive stimuli identical to that received by the experimental animal but independent of its own leg positions. Fifteen experimental animals learned the appropriate leg positions early in the first training session ; three, two, and one experimental animals learned them in the second, third, and fourth session, respectively. The commonest learning course was characterized by sudden and steep improvement of performance, although gradual improvement was observed in some animals. There are variations in the performance among specimens : some avoided the shocks by maintaining the raised leg positions ; in others the periods of raising legs were interrupted by periods of gradual lowering of the leg resulting in several shocks. Three yoke-controls also acquired appropriate leg positions, but this probably resulted from accidental association between the leg position and the shock. Nine experimental animals were trained on extinction of the leg position learning, with a training limit of 10 sessions of 20 min each. Four succeeded and five failed in the extinction. Five out of six crayfish with disconnected cephalic ganglion trained on leg position learning also learned to avoid shocks within one or two training sessions. This demonstration of leg position learning in the crayfish enhances the utility of this animal as a model for the detailed analysis of neural mechanisms underlying behavioral plasticity.
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<Originals>Learning of leg position in the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii

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