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It was found that the addition of p-anisaldehyde, polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and formaldehyde (HCHO) to gluconate baths containing SnSO4 and sodium gluconate yielded bright tin deposits. The optimum bath composition and operating conditions for bright tin plating were 0.2M SnSO4, 0.6M sodium gluconate, 0.1g/L p-anisaldehyde, 1g/L PEG (average molecular weight 7500), 0.6mL/L HCHO, pH 5-8, bath temperature 35°C, and current density 10-40mA/cm2. The cathode current efficiency decreased with increasing sodium gluconate concentration and current density. The results of Hull cell tests showed that none of the additives produced any brightening effect on the tin deposit when added singly; bright tin deposits were obtained only when both PEG and HCHO were added to an additive-free bath. The further addition of p-anisaldehyde to baths containing PEG and HCHO yielded bright tin deposits at current densities higher than 20mA/cm2.As the molecular weight of PEG was increased, the bright area of the Hull cell test panel was increased and the current values on cathodic polarization curve were inhibited.
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