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Patients diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma in the First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School between 1965 and 1981 were divided into Group I (all negative in H BsAg, anti-H Bs and anti-H Bc, 15 cases), Group II(anti-H Bs and/or anti-H Bc positive, 35 cases) and Group III (HBsAg positive, 55 cases). The mean age of Group I was 60 years compared with 51 years for Group III. The male to female ratio of 4 in Group I was different from 6.9 of Group III. There were no significant difference in the past history of alcohol intake and blood transfusion among each group. Familial clustering of liver diseases in Group I was 13.3%, although Group III showed high figure (44.4%). Of 15 patients in Group I, two had history of acute hepatitis about 25 years ago, when epidemic hepatitis was prevailed often in Okayama Prefecture. In the study of geographical distribution the rate of Group I was slightly high in the east area of Okayama Prefecture, whereas more than 50% of patients were belonged to Group III in Bingo District of Hiroshima Prefecture and in Bityu District of Okayama Prefecture.