連続測定用ガルバニセルの基礎的検討

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The authors investigated galvanic cells to develop simple and sensitive sensors for continuous determina tion. The galvanic system, Ag, AgCl/KCl(1M)/Pt, could be applied to the low concentration of acidic components in the electrolyte. In this system, Pt electrode acted as the cathode and received electrons from the external circuit, H++e→1/2 H2 At the same time, the anodic reaction occurred, Ag+Cl-→AgCl+e The greater the concentration of hydrogen ion present, the greater was its amount reaching Pt in unit time, and therefore the higher the current. A device consisting of the sensor and the recycle system of the electrolyte is shown in Fig. 1, and details of the sensor are shown in Fig. 2. A sample solution containing hydrogen ion was supplied through the sample injec tion B. A typical response was shown in Fig. 3 and the amount of hydrogen ions added corresponded to the peak area, that is, numbers of coulombs. The flow rate of the solution, 0.30.7ml/min, was chosen for good sensitivity and reproducibility. Numbers of coulombs vs. amount of hydrogen ions were measured using solution of a known concentration of hydrochloric acid. The calibration curve in Fis.4 showed a good linearity. Similar results were obtatined in case of nitric or sulfuric acids instead of hydrochloric acid. With this simple galvanic sensor, low concentration of hydrogen ion over the range of 10-710-8 moles was determined successfully. The temperature of solution affected the sensitivity and stability of the signal. A rise in temperature raised diffusion coefficient and decreased the viscosity of the solution. Variation of the values reached 23% for one degree of temperature. The galvanic system, Ag, AgI/KI(0.1M), buffer solution/Pt, was useful for the determination of the oxidizing components. They oxidized iodide to liberate iodine detectable with the galvanic system. Determination of iodine in the range of 10-810-9 moles was possible, and this sensor would be useful for the determination of oxidants in atmosphere. A device for continuous determination was also given.
社団法人日本分析化学会の論文

連続測定用ガルバニセルの基礎的検討

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