非逆転移行学習におよぼす過剰訓練と年令の効果

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A two-factor theory of discrimination learning (Iwahara & Sugimura, 1958 ; Sugimura & Iwahara, 1959) assumes that discrimination learning consists of the acquisition of simple S-R connections in early stage and that of more genera] discrimination sets in later or overtrained stage. As discrimination sets are assumed to be nondimensional or conceptual in nature as Harlow's learning sets, ease of discriminationset formation may be dependent upon age or developmental level of the subjects. On the other hand, Wolff (1967) suggested that the magnitude of overtraining facilitation in nonreversal shift is a function of age, and some related evidence was given by Sugimura and Iwahara (1959). The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of overtraining and age on nonreversal shift learning more systematically, and to test a hypothesis that the performance difference due to age levels becomes greater with increasing amounts of overtraining trials. A 3 (age) × 6 (training trials) factorial design was used. The subjects were 84 kindergartners, 84 2nd graders, and 84 5th graders with the mean age of 60, 92, and 127 months, respectively. The Ss were trained on a 2-dimensional (color and form), simultaneous discrimination problem to reach one of the 6 following criteria:3, 5, 7, 10 successive correct responses, 10+30 correct, and 10+70 correct responses. After reaching the respective criterion, they were given a nonreversal shift problem where the relevant dimension in original problem became irrelevant in the shift problem. The naim findings on nonreversal shift learning were as follows (see Table 2) ; (a) the performance in kindergartners did not vary with increasing amounts of training, (b) that in 2nd graders became gradually better after the 10-correct group, and (c) learning in 5th graders became more difficult to the 5-correct group and then became dramatically easier after the 7-correct group. The results were interpreted as supproting the present hypothesis and discussed with reference to related theory and research.
奈良教育大学の論文
1970-11-30

非逆転移行学習におよぼす過剰訓練と年令の効果

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