順向抑制の形成と解除に及ぼす再生手がかりの効果性と項目の弁別性

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The purpose of this experiment was to examine effects of effectiveness of category cues and discriminability of items upon buildup and release of Proactive Inhibition by the use of categorized and non-categorized lists. A 4×5 factorial design was used, which incorporated list conditions (PI, Release, Category-change, and Unrelated word conditions) and number of trials (from 1 to 5). The subjects were 72 students at Nara University of Education with a mean age of 19 years and 10 months, who were assigned to one of the four list conditions (see Table 1). Each list was consisted of ten words. Under the PI condition, all lists in five trials were consisted of words from the same taxonomic category (e.g. animals). Under the Release condition, lists from Trial 1 to 4 were consisted of words from the same category (e.g. animals) and the list category was changed on Trial 5 (e.g. vegetables). Under the Category-change condition, two lists in adjacent trials were consisted of words from different categories (e.g. animals, music instruments, flowers, etc.).　Under the Unrelated word condition, each consisted of words from 10 unrelated categories throughout the trials. The experiment was conducted individually by Brown-Peterson paradigm. Each item was presented by the slide projector at a 1-sec rate. After 10 items were presented all over, the distractor task (counting backwards by-three from a three-digit number) was given during retention interval (30 sec) and then recall test was given for 30 sec. Following the recall test, next trial was introduced untill five trials were completed. The main results were as follows (see Fig. 1). (1) Under the PI condition, PI was built up as a function of trials. (2) Under the Release condition, PI was built up as a function of trials from Trial 1 to 4 and it was released on Trial 5. (3) Under the Category-change condition, PI was not built up as a function of trials, and the performances of recall were at a high level and kept constant. (4) Under the Unrelated word condition, PI was built up as a function of trials, and the performances of recall were about the same as those of PI condition except Trial 1. (5) Intra-list intrusions were more related to the sources of buildup of PI than extralist intrusions. Most of the intra-list intrusions were those from the previous trials (Table 2). (6) The buildup and the release of PI were mainly attributed to secondary-memory components rather than to primary memory components (Fig. 2 and 3). The results of (1), (2) and (3) led us to conclude that the buildup and the release of PI were due to both the effectiveness of retrieval cues and the discriminability of list items. And the results of (1), (2) and (4) suggested that the discriminability of list items affected stronger on the buildup of PI than the effectiveness of category cues.
奈良教育大学の論文

順向抑制の形成と解除に及ぼす再生手がかりの効果性と項目の弁別性

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