順向抑制の形成に及ぼすリスト類似性の効果

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The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effcts of list similarity on formation of proactive inhibition by manipulating both within-list and between-list similarity in the categorized and noncategorized list. A 4 × 4 factorial design was used, which incorporated list conditions (Similar (within) -Similar (between), Similar-Dissimilar, Dissimilar-Similar, and Dissimilar-Dissimilar) and number of trials (from 1 to 4). The subjects were 96 student at Nara University of Education with a mean age of 19 years and 1 month, who were assigned to one of the four list conditions (see Table 1). Each list was consisted of three words. Under the S-S condition, all lists in four trials were consisted of words from the same taxonomic category (e. g. flowers). Under the S-D condition, two lits in adjacent trials were consisted of words from different categories (e. g. animals, flowers,fishes, and tools). Under the D-S condition, each list was consisted of three words each of which were selected from each category (e.g. nations, fruits, and animals). Under the D-D condition, each consisted of 3　words from unrelated categories throughout the trials. The experiment was conducted individually by Brown-peterson paradigm. Three items were presented simultaneously by the slide projector at a 2-sec rate. Following it, the distractor task (counting backwards by-three from a three-digit number) was given during retention interval (20 sec) and then recall test was given for 10 sec. Following the recall test, next trial was introduced until four trials were completed. After fourth-trial was over, final free recall test was required to recall all items presented from 1st trial to 4th trial. The main results were as follows: on the performance of Brown-peterson recall test (see Fig. 1), (1) under the S-D condition, PI was not built up as a function of trials, and the performances of recall were at a high level and kept constant. (2) Under both the S-S and D-D condition, PI was built up as a function of trials, and the performances of both conditions were about the same except trial 1. (3) Under the D-S condition, PI was built up as a function of trials, but the degree of PI formation were smaller than both S-S and D-D condition. (4) On the performance of final free recall test (see Fig. 2), the performances of recall under the S-S, D-D, and D-S condition which were built up PI do not decrease as a function of trials. On the bases of above results, we concluded that the buildup of PI was due to both effectiveness of retrieval cues and the discriminatality of list items in the phase of retrieval, and these two factors were infulenced by both within-list similarity and between-list similarity.
奈良教育大学の論文

順向抑制の形成に及ぼすリスト類似性の効果

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