幼児の自由再生に及ぼすカテゴリ-分類と頻度の効果

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The purpose of this experiment was to investigate effects of category sorting and taxonomic frequency of items upon free recall in kindergarteners. It was hypothesized that facilitative effects of category sorting were greater for the low frequency list than for the high frequency list. A 2×2×3 factorial design was used, which incorporated taxonomic frequency (high and low) and sorting (sorting and control) and number of trials (1, 2 and 3). The last factor was a within variable. The subjects were 40 kindergarteners with a mean age of 5 years and 8 months, who were assigned to one of the four conditions: High frequency- Sorting, High frequency-Control, Low frequency-Sorting and Low frequency-Control. Each of high and low frequency lists was composed of 16 items of 4 taxonomic categories in each (animals, fruits, music instruments and vegetables) as is shown in Table 1. These items were familiar to children at this age and were presented in colored pictures. The experiment was conducted individually. Memory and recall phases were repeated thrice. In the first and third trials, a standard free recall paradigm was used in all four conditions and the sorting conditions were introduced in second trial. The first trial was prepared to test memory ability, and the third trial was set to test the transfer effect of sorting in the second trial. As is shown in Table 2, the performance of recall under Sorting conditions were significantly better than that under Control conditions, and the facilitative effects of sorting was greater for low frequency list than for high frequency list. These results supported the present hypothesis and were interpreted to show that category utilization in the low frequency list was more facilitated by category sorting than that in the high frequency list.
奈良教育大学の論文

幼児の自由再生に及ぼすカテゴリ-分類と頻度の効果

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