愛媛県における家庭科教育の歴史(第5報) : 昭和前期(終戦まで)の社会的背景と家事・裁縫教育の実情

概要

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The characteristic throughout the first half of Showa can be said that the changes of systems, basic principles and contents of education were all for wartime purposes. 1. Elementary schools were changed into national schools in 1941, when 'kaji' became 'geino-ka-kaji', and 'saiho', 'geino-ka-saiho'. But no big changes were in their contents, because they had originally been treated as art or skills. Shortage of teaching materials, however, promoted changes in devices, which helped cultivate learners' originality. 2. There was one noticeable thing in youth-school-education, where the united course 'kaji-and-saiho-ka' (to become 'katei-ka' later) had started. This unity was prior to that of girls' high schools. Unfortunately not much progress was made in the contents, despite the unity of the titles. 3. Vocational schools overly-emphasized sewing, especially in agricultural schools. But in the tenth-years of Showa, weight moved to 'kaji' gradually. 4. In girls' high schools, scientification of living was emphasized as science course did. But toward the end of the war, no regular classes were held. Instead, various school activities such as sewing, washing, mending of military uniforms, and preparing lunch for wounded soldiers connected the course with living, though that was far from home-management-centered one.
日本家庭科教育学会の論文
1978-05-31