女子高等教育の社会学的一考察

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Japanese higher education is faced with a crisis. Women's higher education cannot escape its fate. Because of the age-old discrimination and of handicaps and hurdles attached to women's education in Japan the situation might be more serious and complicated. Never in the history of Japanese education has the female population in colleges and universities including junior colleges been so great. In 1960 there were 16,448 girls graduating from 4-year colleges and 21,041 graduating from junior colleges, while in 1970 48,769 girls graduating from 4-year colleges and 99,518 girls graduating from junior colleges. In 1970 one out of ten girls, in terms of agegroup, attends college or university, while in case of boys nearly three out of ten attend. Ten years ago 4 out of 100 girls attended colleges and universities and one out of 6 boys attended. It is quite ironical to meet with a crisis in the midst of prosperity. In spite of such phenomenal increase the government has failed to meet the needs of the students. Junior colleges are occupied by female students: almost 83% of the student population in junior colleges is women. On the other hand almost 82% of the student population in 4-year colleges is men. At the same time 94% of female students are enrolled in privately-supported junior colleges, because the government paid no attention to women's higher education, leaving it almost entirely to private schools. There seems to be a stereo-typed social image of women in Japan. College women are expected to work for a short period on a stop-gap job; they are expected to quit the job at the time of marriage. In ten or fifteen years they are expected to work as part-timers, because industry demands labor force very badly. Since we are inclined to behave as expected, most college graduates follow this track. It seems that women's higher education is geared to meet the needs of industry. It is serious for higher education to be subjugated by industry. As indicated in the statement issued by the Ministry of Education concerning the revision of high school curriculum, there is a resurgence of age-old education peculiar to women. "Education for good-wife-and-wise-mother" has been emphasized again as a guideline for woman's education. In this post industrial society in which women's roles become more complicated and varied, this kind of educational policy formulated out of ignorance and negligence by the government will in all probability jeopadize not only women's higher education but the total society.
日本教育社会学会の論文
1971-10-15

女子高等教育の社会学的一考察

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