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This is an expansion of a paper presented at the symposium on environmental psychology during the 38th Annual Conference of the Japanese Psychological Association at Hiroshima University on October, 1974. The writer tried to focus attention on the issue of how to develop an appropriate methodology for the newly emerging "environmental psychology" as a systematic as well as a practical science, so that it can participate in the inter- and trans-disciplinary study of man in his physical setting. Inevitably, this raises such questions as how to promote congruent value orientation in various approaches and how the progress on environmental psychology can contribute to the whole scope of behavioral sciences. The presentation covered topics listed below: I. Why environmental psychology is necessary? Responding to the strong request for environmental psychology as a part of the currently popular environmental sciences, do we really believe that environmental psychology is needed? If so, then, what might be its prerequisites concerning a) the clarification of various concepts of "environment", b) methodological requirements for a modern science, and c) its interdisciplinary scope of study? II. Present concepts of environment in psychology and related disciplines. To integrate theoretical constructs, a 3-dimentional model for the conceptual frame of environment is proposed. (Note figure in the text.) a) Phylogenetic-ontogenetic (evolutional-developmental) dimension. b) Multistratified and cohesive, dynamic structure; physical, geographic, ecological, behavioral, consciousness and existential phases. c) Natural vs. artifical settings. III. Methodological problems. Regarding the study of environment as a mind-body relation, a brief review was attempted on similar concepts, e.g. Umwelt (Uexkull), ethology (Lorenz, et. al.), genetic epistemology (Piaget), teleonomy (Eccles, et. al.) and environmental certainty (Umezu). IV. Representative research approaches. Among the variety of approaches, some would characterizes recent trends in this field. They are as follows: a) Behavioral study in artificial environments. b) Behavioral theories influenced by geographic sciences-environmental determinism, cultural theory and technological interac-tionism. c) Ecological perspectives and metabiology. V. Problematic points in environmental psychology. Since both advantages and disadvantages coexist in the very same approach, present blindspots may provide a new impetus to future possibilities. Some of such research fields were mentioned. a) Comparative and developmental interdisciplinary studies. b) Experimental methods in environmental psychology. c) Increased emphases on internal environments. d) Environmental mental hygiene. VI. Final remarks. What sort of psychology will emerge from our present environment? This must be one of our problems to pursue in environmental psychology. The writer believes that we, psychologists as scientists in the late 20th century, have to remind ourselves of our own accountability for the creation of a new envrionment with a deep sense of admiration for the mystery of life as well as of obedience to severe sentence from the nature, and the courage to innovate as well as to respect and protect our heritage and wisdom of mankind.
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