大学生の職業的価値観

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Occuptional values of ICU students were investigated by Rosenberg's Occupational Value Inventory, as a part of the university project entitled "A study of students' values" led by Dr. M.E. Troyer. Basic data for this report were obtained from the members of the Class of 1966, who were systematically investigated 3 times during their 4 years of college. These results were also compared with the ones of the Classes of '67, '68 and '69 as well as with some published data of Cornell University and of Osaka University. The inventory was composed of following 10 items based on 3 basic vocational value orientations-self-expression, extrinsic reward and orientation towards people. a. "Provide me an opportunity to use myspecial abilities or aptitudes" b. "Provide me with a chance to earn a good deal of money" c. "Permit me to be creative and original" d. "Give me social status and prestige" e. "Give me an opportunity to work with people rather than things" f. "Enable me to look forward to a stable, secure future" g. "Leave me relatively free of supervision by others" h. "Give me a chance to exercise leadership" i. "Provide me with adventure" j. "Give me an opportunity to be helpful to others" Unlike other studies, the Ss for the present study were asked to respond to the inventory in two ways, i.e. to express (1) their own feelings of importance 'for these 10 items and (2) how they thought that society in general would evaluate. them. Evaluation of responses was done by rating as well as ranking these items. Factorial study of the occupational values. The 3 factors extracted by means of the varimax rotation method were similar to the ones found by Rosenberg. Although sex characteristics appeared in a few items, factor loadings for each item were generally similar for both sexes. (Table 2) General response pattern as regards the occupational values. The freshmen's response patterns of 4 different classes were compared. In the same manner, the sexes were compared and the Class of '66 was followed up twice during 4 years. From these analyses, no significant sex, college year, or group differences were found in the occupational values for both "Self" and "Others." ((Fig. 1〜6) Similarity of the occupational values among different college Ss. Fairly high degrees of similarity were found between the ICU, Osaka and Cornell groups when their rank orders of the inventory items were compared in terms of the rho coeffidients. (Table 6) Conflicts between "Self" and "Others" occupational values. Unsolved conflicts in the Ss were detected from the fact that two patterns of occupational values, one for "Self" and another for "Others", showed a marked divergence. Near their graduation, however, these Ss, frustrated due to the discrepancies between the two frames of reference, seemed to reduce their internal tensions not only by raising their appraisal towards the extrinsic reward orientation, but also, at the same time, by deceiving themselves that the "Other" people might regard the self-expression and people-orientations as highly as they themselves did. (Fig. 7, 8, 9)

大学生の職業的価値観

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