ICU在学生の職業的価値観の比較研究 : 20年前との比較

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In International Christian University (ICU), a general education course of social sciences entitled "A study of students' value" had been offered since 1961 until 1966. This report and following two articles are the product of a study which aims to compare the values of ICU students today with those of the past. Rosenberg, M. had charge of investigating the social values and vocational choice in Cornell Value Study which was conducted in 1950 and 1952 at Cornell University. The Rosenberg's Occupational Value Inventory was thus used for the value study of ICU students in both occasions. The Inventory is composed of following 10 items. a. "Provide me an opportunity to use my special abilities or aptitudes" ("Abilities") b. "Provide me with a chance to earn a good deal of money" ("Money") c. "Permit me to be creative and original" ("Creative") d. "Give me social status and prestige" ("Status") e. "Give me an opportunity to work with people rather than things" ("Work with people") f. "Enable me to look forward to a stable, secure future" ("Security ") g. "Leave me relatively free of supervision by others"("Freedom") h. "Give me a chance to exercise leadership" ("Leadership") i. "Provide me with adventure" ("New experience") j. "Give me an opportunity to be helpful to others" ("Helpful") According to Rosenberg (1957), vocational values which one considers when he chooses his occupation are classified into 3 value complexes; 1) self-expression oriented, 2) extrinsic reward oriented and 3) people oriented. These complexes were also found in the factor analysis of ICU students' data, which was confirmed that they may also hold of Japanese students. Data for this report were basically obtained from freshmen and seniors in 1983, and they were divided into several sub-groups by sex, class and division. The results were also compared with those of freshmen in 1963. In this study Ss were asked to rate 10 items of vocational values by using a seven-stage scale and to rank them from the 1st to the 10th places as their preference (Self). At the same time they were also requested to rate and to rank them as they thought that society in general would evaluate them (Others). All of these data were put into the IBM computer of ICU Computer Center. The outputs were means and standard deviations of rating data, medians of ranking data, correlation coefficients and varimax rotated factor matrixes for all Ss and for each sub-group. The differences between sub-groups were examined by t-test. The following results were obtained through statistical analysis. 1. Conflicts between "Self" and "Others" were found. There were fairly strong negative correlation coefficients between self-evaluation and others-evaluation. (r=-.761〜-.587) 2. The occupational values which were highly respected by ICU students in 1983 were "Abilities", "Creative" and "Money". The least respected value was "Leadership". Compared to 20 years ago, they became less adventurous. 3. Comparing between sexes and classes, it was found that male freshmen want "New experience" and female seniors tend to respect "Money" more than "Creative". Comparing between divisions, several different characteristics were found between classes. 4. The rating order of the occupational values as others-evaluation was "Money", "Security", "Abilities", "Status" and "Leadership" from the highest. "New experience", "Helpful" and "Work with people" were thought to be evaluated low by people in general. It showed great contrast with ICU students' vocational values of their own. 5. Through factor analysis of ICU students in 1983 it was found that male seniors did not reflect Rosenberg's 3 value complexes. Extrinsic reward oriented and self-expression oriented value complexes made one complex, and people oriented and one more complex were found. The 3 factors of other groups were fairly similar to Rosenberg's 3 value complexes and those of 20 years ago.
国際基督教大学の論文

ICU在学生の職業的価値観の比較研究 : 20年前との比較

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