キノコの生育と栽培

概要

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キノコは食用および薬用として,古来より活用されており,これらは腐生性の木材腐朽菌,腐植菌,共生性の菌根菌,寄生性の冬虫夏草菌に分けられ,異なった生活様式で生態的な多様性を示している.腐生性のものは,現在盛んに栽培が行われ大きな産業に発展している。このなかで,子実体発生機構に関する知見が数多く得られ,実際の栽培面での子実体生産活動に大きく貢献している。本総説では,キノコの生育特性および子実体発生に関わる栽培環境について概説した.Fruit bodies of basidiomycetes have been utilized for a long time. They belong to three physiological categories which differ in their ecological patterns. One type comprises the wood rotting and litter decomposing fungi, and the other type the mycorrhiza and insect fungi. The wood rotting fungi especially have been developed in the field of industrial cultivation of edible mushrooms. Much work has been focused on topics of the fructification mechanism of basidiomycetes. The results of this work have contributed to the industrial scale of edible mushroom cultivation. This review describes the outlines of fructification topics in the culture environment and substrate field, and refers to the relationship between cultivation methods and the fructification mechanism.