新規就業若年労働力の地域間移動

概要

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Many studies of interregional migration of population or labour force have been made. J.R. Hicks (1932) mentioned that the local differences in wage is the important factor of the interregional migration of labour force. On the other hand, J. Robinson (1937) and T.W. Schultz (1945) asserted that the interregional migration of labour force is influenced almost entirely by the regional differences in job opportunity. M. Tachi (1961) found that the regional differences in standard of living is the factor of the interregional migration of population by statistical observation. M. Umemura 1961) tried to synthesize the two theories, the theories proposed by Hicks, and Robinson, and Schultz. S. Nishikawa (1962) made his "Application Equation" to explain the interregional migration of workers in spinning mills. In gravity models proposed by E. C. Carey (1858), E.G. Ravenstein (1887), E. C. Young (1924), J.Q. Stuewart (1947), G.K. Zipf (1949), W. Isard (1960), and others, the distance between regions is regarded as a important factor explaining the migration of population. According to these studies, it would be said that at least, the regional or local differences in wage, job opportunity and the distance between regions may be regarded as factors of interregional migration of population or labour force. In this paper, a model of the interregional migration of newly employed young labour force which has explaining variables expressing the regional differences in job opportunity (O_j/O_o) and in wage (W_j/W_i), and the distance between regions (D_<ij>): L_<ij>=f(L_i^*,O_j/O_o,W_j/W_i,D_<ij>) is built, where L_<ij> is the newly employed young labour force which moved from the z'th region to the jth region for going to work, L_i^* is the newly generated young labour force in the ith region, O_j is the quantity of job opportunity in the jth region, O_o is Σ^^n__<j=1> O_j (n is the total number of regions), Wj_(W_i) is the wage in the jth (ith) region, D_<ij> is the distance from the ith region to the jth region. The three expressions written below are the specified form of this model used in this study. L_<ij>=a_i.L_i^* O_j/O_o(W_j/W_i)^<b_i.>D_<ij>^<c_i.> L_<ij>=a.jL_i^*O_j/O_o(W_j/W_i)^<b._j>D_<ij>^<c._j> L_<ij>=aL_i^*O_j/O_o(W_j/W_i)^bD_<ij^c> where ai. (>0), b_i. (>0), and C_i. (<0) are the parameters proper to the L_<i1>, L_<i2>, ……, and L_<in>, a._j(>0), b._j (>0), and c._j(<0) are the parameters proper to the L_<1j>, L_<2j>, ……, and L_<nj>, and a(>0), b(>0), and c(<0) are the parameters proper to all the L_<ij>s. As a result of applying the models to the newly employed young labour force (graduates from lower secondary schools employed through the Public Employment Security Office) in Japan in 1962, it was found that some of the values of the parameters b_i and c_i., many of the values of the parameters b._j and c._j and the values of the parameters b and c differed significantly from 0 at the 5% level of significance. Therefore, it is concluded that we can not deny that the interregional migration of the newly employed young labour force is in fluenced by (1) the regional differences. in job opportunity (O_j/O_o), (2) the regional differences in wage (W_j/W_i), and (3) the distance between regions D_<ij>.
流通経済大学の論文

著者

鈴木啓祐
流通経済大学

新規就業若年労働力の地域間移動

スポンサーリンク

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