ムギ萎縮病の研究 : VII ムギ萎縮病の防除, とくに木酢液土壌散布の効果について

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Although soil-borne cereal mosaics do not develop in plants grown in the virus-infested soils treated with some chemicals or in the soil heated at 50-60℃ for 10 minutes, it is believed commonly that the only practical method of control is by planting resistant varieties. However, according to the variety tests of barley sown in the soil infested with barley yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), which have been conducted by the present writer making use of about 90 varieties, most varieties including so-called resistant or immune varieties often show to be susceptible. In these tests, moreover, the differences of environmental conditions exerted effects on the infection and expression of symptoms. It is necessary, therefore, that the recommended varieties are decided for each region. Previously, the writer designed and manufactured a flame-projector for soil sterilization, by way of trial, which was able to heat the soil within the depth of 15 cm at 40-60℃ for several minutes. Treatment by this equipment was conducted practically on a BYMV-infested farmer's field by heating soils near sowing lines just before planting seeds. This treatment needed only to spend 30-40 liter per 10 are of kerosene, and was very effective for control of the disease and also of manganese deficiency. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to find out a more practical method of controlling of soil-borne cereal mosaic diseases in Japan, and following results have been obtained. (1) Pyroligneous acid (wood vinegar) controlled soil-borne cereal mosaics when the virusinfested soils were drenched with the original liquid or diluted ones at several days before planting seeds. (2) Throughout all the experiments, namely: tests in glasshouses or in the field and also experiments using both the soils infested respectively with wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV, Marmor tritici var. fulum McK.) and BYMV, pyroligneous acid showed to be very effective in controlling the diseases. The pH values of soils treated with diluted liquids of pyroligneous acid went back to the original pH within several days after drenching. (3) Drenching with liquids of pyroligneous acid diluted 1 : 4 to 1 : 8 with water were not only effective on the diseases but were stimulative for the growth of wheat and barley plants. Moreover, these soil treatments suppressed the growth of weeds. (4) Liquids of acetic acid which were prepared from glacial acetic acid and adjusted at the same pH values as ones of pyroligneous acid tested, showed no remarkable effects on the diseases such as shown by pyroligneous acid in glasshouse tests. (5) The original liquid of pyroligneous acid contains 2-2.8 percent of formaldehyde. It is wellknown that formaldehyde show sterilizing effects considerably on the soils infested with several kinds of soil-borne plant viruses. It seems, therefore, that the effects of pyroligneous acid on soil-borne cereal mosaics are not only caused by its acidity but rather attributable to sterilizing effects of formaldehyde and of other similar substances including in pyrokigneous acid. (6) Most Japanese farmers in mountainous areas have a custom of charcoal-making, and they can collect pyroligneous acid easily as a by-product of charcoal-making. So the controlling method of soil-borne cereal mosaics by pyroligneous acid seems to be of practical use in Japan.
日本植物病理学会の論文
1961-05-25

ムギ萎縮病の研究 : VII ムギ萎縮病の防除, とくに木酢液土壌散布の効果について

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