東京都立光明養護学校における「言語の克服指導」から「言語治療」への展開--1958年度から1962年度にかけての実践に着目して

概要

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The purposes of the present study were to review the change from speech instruction, as done in 1958, to speech therapy, as done from 1959 to 1962, at the Tokyo Komei Public School for the Physically Handicapped (as the school was called at that time), and to examine the results of this change in practice. At the Komei School in the 1950's, the purpose of speech instruction was to overcome speech impediments through subject guidance. Two of the sta , Okamoto and Sato, who took the lead in this area, practiced subject guidance and medical training based on Taguchi's practice as the fundamental stage of teaching of Japanese or music training. When, in 1959, a speech therapy room was established and Taguchi became the school's doctor, speech instruction, which had been conducted by teachers, was changed to speech therapy carried out by a specialist (Matsumoto). Speech therapy became categorized as functional training. Matsumoto's medical training was under the supervision of Taguchi. Furthermore, Matsumoto regarded reading as an important activity, and had the students read plays and other matter together, an activity that he related to Okamoto's teaching of Japanese. A feature of speech therapy at the Komei School was that functional training was related to and considered to be fundamental for other subjects.