Characterization of microstructure and bio-absorption of the hydroxyapatite ceramics modified by a partial dissolution–precipitation technique using supersonic treatment

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Commercial products of hydroxyapatite (HAp) were easily modified to obtain partially-dissolved and precipitated HAp (PDP-HAp) ceramics by the specific dissolution–precipitation technique, which involved a stirring of 300 rpm at 298 K in 1.7–3.4 × 10−2 N-HNO3 solutions (50 cm3) containing Ca2+ and PO43− ions or/and a supersonic treatment at 120 W and 38 kHz in the same solutions. The dissolution efficiency of porous HAp products by the supersonic treatment, which was much higher than that by stirring, drastically increased with time, depending on the porosity of ceramics and the concentration of HNO3 solution. For even dense HAp products, enhancement of micro-pores and propagation of micro-cracks were recognized by the supersonic treatment for 20 min. After the stirring of 30 min and the subsequently supersonic treatment of 25 min, HAp nano-crystals with the composition ratio (Ca/P) of 1.64–1.66 were successfully precipitated on the pore wall surface in the macro-pores and micro-pores of the ceramics at 298 K and pH 9–10. The PDP-HAp ceramics that gave macro-pore sizes of 50–200 µm, porosities of 85–90%, and specific surface areas of 1–2 m2·g−1, were implanted into the bone defects at the medial condyle of femur in Japanese white rabbits. At 8 and 16 weeks after the implantation, the PDP-HAp ceramics exhibited more excellent bio-absorption and tissue-affinity than commercial HAp products because of smooth body-fluid-permeation and effective surface nature for cell-adsorption. The PDP-HAp developed can be applied as one of bioactive scaffolds with good bio-absorption and osteoconduction characteristics for bone-regeneration therapy.

Characterization of microstructure and bio-absorption of the hydroxyapatite ceramics modified by a partial dissolution–precipitation technique using supersonic treatment

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