CELLULASE ACTIVITY IN FOREST SOILS
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概要
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In order to measure the metabolic rate of cellulose in forest soils, the cellulase activity in a Wet Humus Podzolic Soil (P_<wh> soil) (FAO/UNESCO : Humic Podzols, U.S.Soil Taxonomy : Humods) and in an Alpine Brown Forest Soil (B_D soil)(FAO/UNESCO : Humic Cambisols, U.S.Soil Taxonomy : Haplumbrepts) at Mt. Shiga was analyzed as a part of the International Biological Program (IBP) carried out in Japan. 1) Cellulase activity was highest in the L horizon in the P<wh> soil and n the F horizon in the B_D soil, and it decreased with the increase of depth in the horizon. The F horizon of the P_<wh> soil where organic materials were thickly deposited was divided into an upper portion(F_1), middle portion(F_2), and lower portion(F_3), and the cellulase activity was measured. The activity in the F_1 layer located immediately below the L horizon was very high and far higher than in the L horizon. The activity in the F horizon decreased also with the increase of depth in the horizon. The values of the cellulase activity with crystallite cellulose used as the substrate were remarkably lower than those with artificial substrate carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt(CMC) in both soils. The former was 1/10 to 1/30 of the latter. The ratios were considerably different between both soils. In the P_<wh> soil, the ratio varied markedly from horizon to horizon, but in the B_D soil, the difference was very small. This fact suggests that there are appreciable differences in the component species of microorganisms between the soils and that in the P_<wh> soil, different microorganisms inhabit the respective horizons. 2) Cellulase activity was found to be highly correlated with the cellulose content, microbial respiration, hyphal length, and enzyme activity (-glucosidase, -acetylglucosaminidase, proteinase). 3) The largest liberation of glucose by the cellulase in this area was about 4 t/(haday) (50) in the P_<wh> soil and 5 t in the B_D soil when the CMC substrate was used, and about 0.2 t in the P_<wh> soil and about 0.3 t in the B_D soil when the cellulose powder substrate was used.
- 社団法人日本土壌肥料学会の論文
著者
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KANAZAWA Shinjiro
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo
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MIYASHITA Kiyotaka
National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences
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Kanazawa Shinjiro
Department Of Agricultural Chemistry Faculty Of Agriculture The University Of Tokyo
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Kanazawa Shinjiro
Department Of Agricuitural Chemistry Faculty Of Agriculture The University Of Tokyo
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Miyashita Kiyotaka
National Inst. For Agro-environmental Sciences
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Miyashita Kiyotaka
National Institute Of Agro-environmental Sciences
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