Some Distinguishable Properties between Acid-Stable and Neutral Types of α-Amylases from Acid-Producing Koji

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概要

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• The highly humid climate of Japan facilitates the growth of various molds. Among these molds, Aspergillus oryzae is the most important and popular in Japan, and has been used as yellow-koji in producing many traditional fermented beverages and foods, such as Japanese sake, and soy sauce. Taka-amylase A (TAA), a major enzyme produced by the mold, is well known worldwide to be a leading enzyme for industrial utilization and academic study, since many extensive studies have been carried out with TAA. In southern Kyushu, the other koji's of citric acid-producing molds have often been used, such as in the production of a traditional distilled liquor of shochu. The koji molds black-koji and white-koji produce two types of α-amylase, namely, acid-stable (AA) and common neutral (NA). The latter enzyme is enzymatically and genetically similar to TAA. In this review, we investigate AA from three molds, Aspergillus niger, A. kawachii and A. awamori, and the yeast Cryptococcus sp. regarding the distinguishable properties between AA and NA. (i) The N-terminus amino acid sequences of AA determined by molecular cloning started with the sequence of L-S-A-, whereas those of NA started with A-T-P-. (ii) Most of the full sequences of AA were composed of, besides a core catalytic domain, an extra domain of a hinge region and a carbohydrate binding domain, which could be responsible for raw-starch-digestibility. The AA from A. niger has no exceptionally extra domain, similarly to NA. (iii) Simple methods for distinguishing AA from NA using CNP-α-G3 and G5 as substrates were developed by our group. (iv) The number of subsite in AA on the basis of its cleavage pattern of maltooligosaccharides was estimated to be five, which differs from that of TAA, 7-9. AA has many advantages in industrial applications, such as its acid-stability, thermostability, and raw-starch digesting properties.

• 2007-11-25

著者

• Fujita Kiyotaka

  Faculty Of Agriculture Kagoshima University

• Fujita Kiyotaka

  Department Of Biochemical Science And Technology Faculty Of Agriculture Kagoshima University

• Fujita Kiyotaka

  Department Of Life Sciences Faculty Of Agriculture Kagawa University

• KITAHARA Kanefumi

  Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University

• SUGANUMA Toshihiko

  Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University

• Kitahara Kanefumi

  Faculty Of Agriculture Kagoshima University

• Kitahara Kanefumi

  Department Of Biochemical Science And Technology Faculty Of Agriculture Kagoshima University

• Suganuma Toshihiko

  Faculty Of Agriculture Kagoshima University

• Suganuma Toshihiko

  Department Of Biochemical Science And Technology Faculty Of Agriculture Kagoshima University

• Katayama Kenji

  National Agricultural Research Center For Kyushu Okinawa Region National Agriculture And Food Resear

• SUGANUMA Toshihiko

  Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University

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